Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Samarium</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Samarium rootpage-Samarium skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Samarium</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="float-right infobox wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:310px; max-width:400px;">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; font-size:120%; color:#202122;">Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe2" style="text-align:center;">
<div id="table" style="position:relative;">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="margin:auto; background-color:color:var(--color-inverted, #FFFFFF); color:var(--color-base, #000000); text-align:center; empty-cells:show; border-collapse:separate; border-style:hidden;">
<tbody><tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 1: Wasserstoff (H), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="30">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Helium" title="Helium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 2: Helium (He), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 3: Lithium (Li), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 4: Beryllium (Be), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bor" title="Bor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 5: Bor (B), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 6: Kohlenstoff (C), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 7: Stickstoff (N), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 8: Sauerstoff (O), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 9: Fluor (F), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neon" title="Neon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 10: Neon (Ne), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 11: Natrium (Na), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 12: Magnesium (Mg), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 13: Aluminium (Al), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 14: Silicium (Si), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 15: Phosphor (P), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LimeGreen;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 16: Schwefel (S), Nichtmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 17: Chlor (Cl), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Argon" title="Argon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 18: Argon (Ar), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 19: Kalium (K), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 20: Calcium (Ca), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 21: Scandium (Sc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 22: Titan (Ti), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 23: Vanadium (V), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 24: Chrom (Cr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 25: Mangan (Mn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 26: Eisen (Fe), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 27: Cobalt (Co), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 28: Nickel (Ni), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 29: Kupfer (Cu), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zink" title="Zink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 30: Zink (Zn), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 31: Gallium (Ga), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 32: Germanium (Ge), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 33: Arsen (As), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Selen" title="Selen"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 34: Selen (Se), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Brom" title="Brom"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 35: Brom (Br), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 36: Krypton (Kr), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 37: Rubidium (Rb), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 38: Strontium (Sr), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 39: Yttrium (Y), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 40: Zirconium (Zr), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Niob" title="Niob"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 41: Niob (Nb), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 42: Molybdän (Mo), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 43: Technetium (Tc), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 44: Ruthenium (Ru), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 45: Rhodium (Rh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 46: Palladium (Pd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Silber" title="Silber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 47: Silber (Ag), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 48: Cadmium (Cd), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Indium" title="Indium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 49: Indium (In), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 50: Zinn (Sn), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 51: Antimon (Sb), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Peru;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 52: Tellur (Te), Halbmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iod" title="Iod"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 53: Iod (I), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 54: Xenon (Xe), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 55: Caesium (Cs), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Barium" title="Barium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 56: Barium (Ba), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 57: Lanthan (La), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Cer" title="Cer"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 58: Cer (Ce), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 59: Praseodym (Pr), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 60: Neodym (Nd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 61: Promethium (Pm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum; border:2px solid #72777D; margin:-1px"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 62: Samarium (Sm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 63: Europium (Eu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 64: Gadolinium (Gd), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 65: Terbium (Tb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 66: Dysprosium (Dy), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 67: Holmium (Ho), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 68: Erbium (Er), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 69: Thulium (Tm), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 70: Ytterbium (Yb), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Plum;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 71: Lutetium (Lu), Lanthanoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 72: Hafnium (Hf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 73: Tantal (Ta), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 74: Wolfram (W), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 75: Rhenium (Re), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 76: Osmium (Os), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 77: Iridium (Ir), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Platin" title="Platin"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 78: Platin (Pt), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Gold" title="Gold"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 79: Gold (Au), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 80: Quecksilber (Hg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 81: Thallium (Tl), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Blei" title="Blei"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 82: Blei (Pb), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 83: Bismut (Bi), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkGray;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 84: Polonium (Po), Metall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Khaki;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Astat" title="Astat"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 85: Astat (At), Halogen">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightskyBlue;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radon" title="Radon"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 86: Radon (Rn), Edelgas">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:OrangeRed;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Francium" title="Francium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 87: Francium (Fr), Alkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:DarkOrange;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Radium" title="Radium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 88: Radium (Ra), Erdalkalimetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 89: Actinium (Ac), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 90: Thorium (Th), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 91: Protactinium (Pa), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Uran" title="Uran"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 92: Uran (U), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 93: Neptunium (Np), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 94: Plutonium (Pu), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Americium" title="Americium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 95: Americium (Am), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Curium" title="Curium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 96: Curium (Cm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 97: Berkelium (Bk), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Californium" title="Californium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 98: Californium (Cf), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 99: Einsteinium (Es), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 100: Fermium (Fm), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 101: Mendelevium (Md), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 102: Nobelium (No), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Orchid;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 103: Lawrencium (Lr), Actinoid">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 104: Rutherfordium (Rf), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 105: Dubnium (Db), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 106: Seaborgium (Sg), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 107: Bohrium (Bh), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:LightCoral;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 108: Hassium (Hs), Übergangsmetall">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 109: Meitnerium (Mt), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 110: Darmstadtium (Ds), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 111: Roentgenium (Rg), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 112: Copernicium (Cn), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 113: Nihonium (Nh), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 114: Flerovium (Fl), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 115: Moscovium (Mc), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 116: Livermorium (Lv), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 117: Tenness (Ts), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="position:relative; overflow:hidden; width:11px; height:11px; color:#202122; background:Gainsboro;"><div style="position:absolute; top:0; left:0;"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="float:left; width:10px; height:10px; font-size:9px; line-height:9px; word-spacing:7px; cursor:pointer;" title="Element 118: Oganesson (Og), unbekannt">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span></a></div>
</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div id="text0" style="font-size:12px; position:absolute; top:5px; left:50%; margin-left:-125px;line-height:120%;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>6</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup></div>
<div style="position:absolute; top:5px; left:45%; margin-left:20px;line-height:120%;"><span id="text2" style="font-size:10px; vertical-align: sub;">62</span><span id="text3" style="font-size:20px; font-weight:bold;">Sm</span></div>
<div style="font-size:90%; text-align:right;"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Allgemein
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Chemisches_Element#Sortierte_Liste_chemischer_Elemente" title="Chemisches Element">Name</a>, <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Symbol</a>, <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">Samarium, Sm, 62
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Elementkategorie" title="Elementkategorie">Elementkategorie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Gruppe_des_Periodensystems" title="Gruppe des Periodensystems">Gruppe</a>, <a href="Periode_des_Periodensystems" title="Periode des Periodensystems">Periode</a>, <a href="Block_des_Periodensystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Block des Periodensystems">Block</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">La</a>, <a href="Chemische_Elemente_der_sechsten_Periode" title="Chemische Elemente der sechsten Periode">6</a>, <a href="Periodensystem#Block" title="Periodensystem">f</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Aussehen
</td>
<td>silbrig weiß
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="CAS-Nummer" title="CAS-Nummer">CAS-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>
<p><span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: CASRN"></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-19-9">7440-19-9</a><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EG-Nummer" title="EG-Nummer">EG-Nummer</a>
</td>
<td>231-128-7
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Europ%C3%A4ische_Chemikalienagentur" title="Europäische Chemikalienagentur">ECHA</a>-InfoCard
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.echa.europa.eu/de/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.298">100.028.298</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td>Massenanteil an der <a href="Erdh%C3%BClle" title="Erdhülle">Erdhülle</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">6&nbsp;ppm (44. Rang)<sup id="cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Atomar<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">150,36(2)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">u</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a> (berechnet)
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">185 (238) <a href="Pikometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikometer">pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Kovalenter_Radius" title="Kovalenter Radius">Kovalenter Radius</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">198 pm
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronenkonfiguration" title="Elektronenkonfiguration">Elektronenkonfiguration</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 4<a href="F-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="F-Orbital">f</a><sup>6</sup> 6<a href="S-Orbital" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Orbital">s</a><sup>2</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1. <a href="Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie">Ionisierungsenergie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>5<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>64371(17) <a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a><sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-samarium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap">544<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>54 <a href="Joule" title="Joule">kJ</a>/<a href="Mol" title="Mol">mol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-samarium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">11<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>078(20) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-samarium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">1</span>068<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>9 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-samarium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>3. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">23<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>55(8) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-samarium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">2</span>270 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-samarium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>4. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">41<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>64(11) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-samarium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">4</span>020 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-samarium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>5. Ionisierungsenergie
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">62<span class="numericFormat-dec"><span>.</span></span>7(4) eV<sup id="cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-ASD-samarium-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> ≈ <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="numericFormat-1000">6</span>050 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Webelements-samarium-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>




<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Physikalisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Aggregatzustand" title="Aggregatzustand">Aggregatzustand</a>
</td>
<td>fest
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Kristallstruktur" title="Kristallstruktur">Kristallstruktur</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">trigonal
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Dichte" title="Dichte">Dichte</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">7,536 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Magnetismus" title="Magnetismus">Magnetismus</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paramagnetismus" title="Paramagnetismus">paramagnetisch</a> (<a href="Magnetische_Suszeptibilit%C3%A4t" title="Magnetische Suszeptibilität"><i>χ<sub>m</sub></i></a> = 1,2 · 10<sup>−3</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzpunkt" title="Schmelzpunkt">Schmelzpunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1345 <a href="Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (1072 °C)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Siedepunkt" title="Siedepunkt">Siedepunkt</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">2173 K<sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1900 °C)
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Molares_Volumen" title="Molares Volumen">Molares Volumen</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">19,98 · 10<sup>−6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Verdampfungsenthalpie" title="Verdampfungsenthalpie">Verdampfungsenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">192 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zhang_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Schmelzenthalpie" title="Schmelzenthalpie">Schmelzenthalpie</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">8,6 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Schallgeschwindigkeit" title="Schallgeschwindigkeit">Schallgeschwindigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">2130 m·s<sup>−1</sup> bei 293,15 K
</td></tr>




<tr>
<td><a href="Elektrische_Leitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Elektrische Leitfähigkeit">Elektrische Leitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">1,06 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="Siemens_(Einheit)" title="Siemens (Einheit)">S</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="W%C3%A4rmeleitf%C3%A4higkeit" title="Wärmeleitfähigkeit">Wärmeleitfähigkeit</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">13 <a href="Watt_(Einheit)" title="Watt (Einheit)">W</a>·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Chemisch<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationszustände</a>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">+2, <i>+3</i>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td><a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t" title="Elektronegativität">Elektronegativität</a>
</td>
<td>1,17 (<a href="Elektronegativit%C3%A4t#Pauling-Skala" title="Elektronegativität">Pauling-Skala</a>)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Isotope
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable center darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122; border:hidden; margin:0;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><a href="Isotop" title="Isotop">Isotop</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Isotopenverh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Isotopenverhältnis">NH</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Halbwertszeit" title="Halbwertszeit">t<sub>1/2</sub></a>
</td>
<td><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Zerfallsarten" title="Radioaktivität">ZA</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsenergie" title="Zerfallsenergie">ZE</a> (M<a href="Elektronenvolt" title="Elektronenvolt">eV</a>)
</td>
<td><a href="Zerfallsprodukt_(Radioaktivit%C3%A4t)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zerfallsprodukt (Radioaktivität)">ZP</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>144</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">3,07&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>145</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>340 <a href="Tag" title="Tag">d</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Elektroneneinfang" title="Elektroneneinfang">ε</a>
</td>
<td>0,617
</td>
<td><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium"><sup>145</sup>Pm</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>146</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>92 ± 2,6 · 10<sup>6</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphazerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphazerfall">α</a>
</td>
<td>2,455
</td>
<td><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><sup>142</sup>Nd</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>147</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">14,99&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>1,06 · 10<sup>11</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphazerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphazerfall">α</a>
</td>
<td>2,310
</td>
<td><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><sup>143</sup>Nd</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>148</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">11,24&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>7 · 10<sup>15</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphazerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphazerfall">α</a>
</td>
<td>1,986
</td>
<td><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><sup>144</sup>Nd</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>149</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">13,82&nbsp;%
</td>
<td>2 · 10<sup>15</sup> <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Alphazerfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphazerfall">α</a>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym"><sup>145</sup>Nd</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>150</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">7,38&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>151</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>90 <a href="Jahr" title="Jahr">a</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>0,077
</td>
<td><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><sup>151</sup>Eu</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>152</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><b>26,75</b>&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>153</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap"><a href="Radionuklid#Künstliche_Radionuklide" title="Radionuklid">{syn.}</a>
</td>
<td>46,27 <a href="Stunde" title="Stunde">h</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Betazerfall" title="Betazerfall">β<sup>−</sup></a>
</td>
<td>0,808
</td>
<td><a href="Europium" title="Europium"><sup>153</sup>Eu</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="nowrap"><sup>154</sup>Sm<div class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></div>
</td>
<td style="nowrap">22,75&nbsp;%
</td>
<td colspan="4"><a href="Radioaktivit%C3%A4t#Stabilität" title="Radioaktivität">Stabil</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="darkmode-hintergrundfarbe-passiv" style="background:WhiteSmoke; color:#202122;">Weitere Isotope siehe <a href="Liste_der_Isotope/Ordnungszahl_61_bis_Ordnungszahl_70#62_Samarium" title="Liste der Isotope/Ordnungszahl 61 bis Ordnungszahl 70">Liste der Isotope</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; text-align:center; color:#202122;"><a href="Kernspinresonanz" title="Kernspinresonanz">NMR</a>-Eigenschaften
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="padding:0;">
<table class="wikitable" style="margin:0; width:100%;">

<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe1">
<th>
</th>
<th><a href="Kernspin" title="Kernspin">Kernspin</a>
</th>
<th><a href="Gyromagnetisches_Verh%C3%A4ltnis" title="Gyromagnetisches Verhältnis"><i>γ</i></a> in<br><a href="Radiant_(Einheit)" title="Radiant (Einheit)">rad</a>·<a href="Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><sup>−1</sup>·<a href="Sekunde" title="Sekunde">s</a><sup>−1</sup>
</th>
<th><a href="Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie#Empfindlichkeit_der_NMR-Spektroskopie" title="Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie"><i>E</i><sub>r</sub>&nbsp;(<sup>1</sup>H)</a>
</th>
<th><a href="Larmorfrequenz" class="mw-redirect" title="Larmorfrequenz"><i>f</i><sub>L</sub></a> bei<br><i>B</i> = 4,7 <a href="Tesla_(Einheit)" title="Tesla (Einheit)">T</a><br>in <a href="Hertz_(Einheit)" title="Hertz (Einheit)">MHz</a>
</th></tr>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe1">
<td style="text-align:center;"><b><sup>147</sup>Sm</b>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">7/2
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">−1,115 · 10<sup>7</sup>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">4,17
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center;"><b><sup>149</sup>Sm</b>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">7/2
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">−0,919 · 10<sup>7</sup>
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">
</td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">3,44
</td></tr>



</tbody></table><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:Plum; color:#202122;">Sicherheitshinweise
</th></tr>


<tr>
<td colspan="2">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" style="width:100%;">


<tbody><tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien" title="Global harmonisiertes System zur Einstufung und Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien">GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-Merck_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merck-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<p>Pulver
</p>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-neutral" style="text-align:center; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; display:flex; justify-content:center;">

<tbody><tr>
<td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="Global_harmonisiertes_System_zur_Einstufung_und_Kennzeichnung_von_Chemikalien#Übersicht:_EU-Gefahrensymbole,_UN/GHS-Gefahrenpiktogramme,_UN/ADR-Gefahrensymbole" title="02 – Leicht-/Hochentzündlich"></a></span>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Gefahr</b>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" width="33%" style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed; border-right:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;"><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze" title="H- und P-Sätze">H- und P-Sätze</a>
</td>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">H: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: H-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#H-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="In Berührung mit Wasser entstehen entzündbare Gase, die sich spontan entzünden können.">260</span></span></a>
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td style="border-top:1px #A7A7A7 dashed;">P: <span title="Untervorlage eingebunden: P-Sätze"></span><a href="H-_und_P-S%C3%A4tze#P-Sätze" title="H- und P-Sätze"><span style="display:inline-block;"><span style="color:#ff5400; border-bottom:1px dotted #ff5400;" title="In einem geschlossenen Behälter an einem trockenen Ort aufbewahren.">402+404</span></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-Merck_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merck-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>






<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="background:Plum; line-height:1.2em; text-align:center; color:#202122; font-size:smaller;">Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei <a href="Standardbedingungen" title="Standardbedingungen">Standardbedingungen</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Samarium</b> (nach dem Mineral <a href="Samarskit" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskit">Samarskit</a>, das vom deutschen Mineralogen <a href="Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a> nach dem russischen Bergbauingenieur <a href="Wassili_Jewgrafowitsch_Samarski-Bychowez" title="Wassili Jewgrafowitsch Samarski-Bychowez">Wassili Samarski-Bychowez</a> benannt wurde)<sup id="cite_ref-royalSoc_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalSoc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ist ein <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">chemisches Element</a> mit dem <a href="Elementsymbol" title="Elementsymbol">Elementsymbol</a> Sm und der <a href="Ordnungszahl" title="Ordnungszahl">Ordnungszahl</a> 62. Im <a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> steht das silbrig glänzende Element in der Gruppe der <a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a> und zählt damit auch zu den <a href="Metalle_der_Seltenen_Erden" title="Metalle der Seltenen Erden">Metallen der Seltenen Erden</a>. Samarium ist das erste natürlich vorkommende Element, das nach einer Person benannt wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-royalSoc_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalSoc-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>

<p><a href="Gustav_Rose" title="Gustav Rose">Gustav Rose</a> beschrieb 1839 ein <a href="Mineral" title="Mineral">Mineral</a> aus dem <a href="Ilmengebirge" title="Ilmengebirge">Ilmengebirge</a> in <a href="Russland" title="Russland">Russland</a>, das er nach der angenommenen Zusammensetzung mit hohen <a href="Uran" title="Uran">Uran</a>- und <a href="Tantal" title="Tantal">Tantalgehalten</a> <i>Uranotantal</i> nannte. 1847 konnte sein Bruder <a href="Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a> größere Mengen des Minerals untersuchen. Dieser fand eine andere chemische Zusammensetzung des Minerals, so enthielt das Mineral <a href="Niob" title="Niob">Niob</a> anstatt von Tantal. Zudem erkannte er, dass das Mineral identisch mit einem von <a href="Hans_Rudolph_Hermann" title="Hans Rudolph Hermann">Hans Rudolph Hermann</a> beschriebenen und <i>Ytteroilmenit</i> benannten Mineral ist.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daraufhin benannte Heinrich Rose das Mineral zu Ehren von <a href="Wassili_Jewgrafowitsch_Samarski-Bychowez" title="Wassili Jewgrafowitsch Samarski-Bychowez">Wassili Jewgrafowitsch Samarski-Bychowez</a>, einem Mitarbeiter der russischen Bergbauhörde, der ihm Proben des Minerals verschafft hatte, in <i><a href="Samarskit" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskit">Samarskit</a></i> um.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ab 1878 wurde die chemische Zusammensetzung des Samarskits intensiv erforscht. So behauptete 1878 <a href="John_Lawrence_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lawrence Smith">John Lawrence Smith</a>, in Samarskit ein neues Element gefunden zu haben, das er zu Ehren von <a href="Carl_Gustav_Mosander" title="Carl Gustav Mosander">Carl Gustav Mosander</a> <i>Mosandrium</i> nannte. Dieses stellte sich jedoch bald darauf als eine überwiegend <a href="Terbium" title="Terbium">terbiumhaltige</a> Mischung verschiedener Seltener Erden heraus.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ebenfalls 1878 beschrieb <a href="Marc_Delafontaine" title="Marc Delafontaine">Marc Delafontaine</a> ein bislang unbekanntes Element im Samarskit, das er nach dem <a href="Latein" title="Latein">lateinischen</a> <i>decipiens</i> ‚trügerisch‘ <i>Decipium</i> nannte. Er beschrieb ein gelbes, beim Erhitzen im Wasserstoffstrom weiß werdendes Oxid und charakteristische <a href="Absorptionsbande" title="Absorptionsbande">Absorptionsbanden</a> bei 416 und 478&nbsp;nm.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1879 untersuchte <a href="Paul_%C3%89mile_Lecoq_de_Boisbaudran" title="Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran">Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran</a> Samarskit mittels <a href="Fraktionierte_Kristallisation" class="mw-disambig" title="Fraktionierte Kristallisation">fraktionierter Kristallisation</a> mit <a href="Ammoniakwasser" title="Ammoniakwasser">Ammoniakwasser</a> und bemerkte dabei, dass vor dem <a href="Didym" title="Didym">Didym</a> eine weitere, unbekannte Erde ausfiel. Als er diese spektroskopisch untersuchte, fand er unter anderem zwei bislang unbekannte Absorptionsbanden im blauen Spektralbereich. Er ging daher davon aus, ein neues Element gefunden zu haben und nannte dieses nach dem Mineral Samarskit <i>Samarium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LostElements122_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostElements122-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Auch <a href="Jean_Charles_Galissard_de_Marignac" title="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac</a> untersuchte 1880 Samarskit und fand bei der Zerlegung in verschiedenen Fraktionen unbekannte Spektrallinien, die er provisorisch Y<sub>α</sub> und Y<sub>β</sub> nannte.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Y<sub>α</sub> sollte später <a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> genannt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1880 stellte <a href="Jacques-Louis_Soret" title="Jacques-Louis Soret">Jacques-Louis Soret</a> fest, dass es sich bei Decipium, Samarium und Y<sub>β</sub> um das gleiche Element handelte<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und 1881 plädierte Delafontaine dafür, dass das neue Element den Namen Samarium bekommen sollte, da Lecoq de Boisbaudran eine bessere Beschreibung des Absorptionsspektrums des Elements geliefert habe als er.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Delafontaine kein reines Samarium untersucht hatte.<sup id="cite_ref-LostElements122_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LostElements122-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Lecoq de Boisbaudran untersuchte ebenso wie <a href="William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> das Samarium genauer und fand Spektrallinien, die auf ein weiteres, unbekanntes Element hindeuteten. Dies konnte 1901 <a href="Eug%C3%A8ne-Anatole_Demar%C3%A7ay" title="Eugène-Anatole Demarçay">Eugène-Anatole Demarçay</a> bestätigen, der das neue Element <i><a href="Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a></i> nannte.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Wilhelm_Muthmann_(Chemiker)" title="Wilhelm Muthmann (Chemiker)">Wilhelm Muthmann</a> stellte 1903 erstmals metallisches Samarium her. Dazu musste er zunächst durch fraktionierte Kristallisation Samarium von den anderen Seltenen Erden trennen. Nachdem Muthmann reines Samariumsalz erhalten hatte, konnte er ein <a href="Atomgewicht" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomgewicht">Atomgewicht</a> des Elementes von 151,39 (heutiger Wert: 150,36) bestimmen. Anschließend versuchte er, metallisches Samarium zu gewinnen, was durch den hohen Schmelzpunkt des Metalls erschwert wurde. Dies gelang schließlich durch <a href="Schmelzflusselektrolyse" title="Schmelzflusselektrolyse">Schmelzflusselektrolyse</a> einer Mischung von <a href="Samarium(III)-chlorid" title="Samarium(III)-chlorid">Samarium-</a> und <a href="Bariumchlorid" title="Bariumchlorid">Bariumchlorid</a> mit Kohleelektroden bei 100&nbsp;<a href="Ampere" title="Ampere">A</a> <a href="Stromst%C3%A4rke" class="mw-redirect" title="Stromstärke">Stromstärke</a>. Das Metall, für das Muthmann eine Dichte von 7,7 bis 7,8 bestimmte, war allerdings nicht rein, sondern enthielt noch <a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">Kohlenstoff</a> und 0,6&nbsp;% <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a>, das wahrscheinlich aus dem verwendeten Tiegel stammte.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vorkommen">Vorkommen</h2></div>

<p>Samarium kommt nicht <a href="Gediegen" title="Gediegen">gediegen</a> vor. Es ist in Mineralien wie <a href="Monazit" title="Monazit">Monazit</a>, <a href="Bastn%C3%A4sit" title="Bastnäsit">Bastnäsit</a> und <a href="Samarskit" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarskit">Samarskit</a> enthalten. Monazit enthält bis zu 1&nbsp;% Samarium.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gewinnung">Gewinnung</h2></div>
<p>Samarium wird derzeit fast ausschließlich in China gewonnen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In den USA ist der größte Nutzer von Samarium das Rüstungsunternehmen <a href="Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ab den 1970er Jahren bezog der Westen Samarium vor allem von einer Fabrik in <a href="La_Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a>, Frankreich.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Fabrik schloss 1994, auch weil sie mit der günstigeren Konkurrenz aus China nicht mithalten konnte. In China wird es vor allem in <a href="Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a> in der <a href="Innere_Mongolei" title="Innere Mongolei">Inneren Mongolei</a> gewonnen.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darstellung">Darstellung</h2></div>
<p>Ausgehend vom Monazit oder Bastnäsit werden Seltenerdmetalle über <a href="Ionentausch" class="mw-redirect" title="Ionentausch">Ionentausch</a>, Solvent-Extraktion oder <a href="Elektrochemie" title="Elektrochemie">elektrochemische</a> Deposition aufgetrennt. In einem letzten Verfahrensschritt wird das hochreine Samariumoxid mit metallischem <a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">Lanthan</a> zum Metall <a href="Reduktion_(Chemie)" title="Reduktion (Chemie)">reduziert</a> und <a href="Sublimation_(Physik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sublimation (Physik)">absublimiert</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>In Luft ist Samarium halbwegs beständig, es bildet eine passivierende, gelbliche <a href="Oxide" title="Oxide">Oxidschicht</a> aus. Metallisch glänzendes Samarium entzündet sich oberhalb von 150&nbsp;°C. Mit Sauerstoff reagiert es zum <a href="Sesquioxid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesquioxid">Sesquioxid</a> Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Mit <a href="Wasser" title="Wasser">Wasser</a> reagiert es heftig unter Bildung von <a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">Wasserstoff</a> und Samariumhydroxid. Die beständigste <a href="Oxidationszahl" title="Oxidationszahl">Oxidationsstufe</a> ist wie bei allen Lanthanoiden +3.
</p><p>Samarium kommt in drei Modifikationen vor. Die Umwandlungspunkte liegen bei 734&nbsp;°C und 922&nbsp;°C. Sm<sup>3+</sup>-Kationen färben wässrige Lösungen gelb.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotope">Isotope</h2></div>
<p>Es existieren vier stabile und 19 instabile, radioaktive <a href="Isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Isotope">Isotope</a>. Die häufigsten natürlichen Isotope sind <sup>152</sup>Sm (26,7&nbsp;%), <sup>154</sup>Sm (22,7&nbsp;%) und <sup>147</sup>Sm (15&nbsp;%).
</p><p>Die Halbwertszeit von Samarium-146 wurde auf 92 ± 2,9 Millionen Jahre bestimmt.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gem. Medienmitteilung vom <a href="Paul_Scherrer_Institut" title="Paul Scherrer Institut">Paul Scherrer Institut</a> im August 2024 wurde die Halbwertszeit noch präziser bestimmt. Sie beträgt 92 ± 2,6 Millionen Jahre.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Halbwertszeit von Samarium-146 wurde in einem präzisen Experiment ermittelt, das sich in drei Hauptschritte gliedert.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zuerst wurde eine hochreine Samarium-146-Probe hergestellt, indem Tantal-Proben an der Schweizer Spallations-Neutronenquelle bestrahlt und anschließend chemisch gereinigt wurden.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dann wurde die Aktivität der Probe gemessen, indem sie in einem exakt kalibrierten Detektor platziert wurde, um die Alpha-Zerfälle zu zählen.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schließlich wurde die Anzahl der Samarium-146-Atome durch Massenspektrometrie bestimmt.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Kombination erlaubte es, die Halbwertszeit einigermaßen exakt festzulegen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<ul><li>Zusammen mit anderen <a href="Metalle_der_Seltenen_Erden" title="Metalle der Seltenen Erden">Seltenerdmetallen</a> für Kohle-Lichtbogenlampen für Filmvorführanlagen.</li>
<li>Dotieren von <a href="Calciumfluorid" title="Calciumfluorid">Calciumfluorid</a>-Einkristallen für <a href="Maser" title="Maser">Maser</a> und <a href="Laser" title="Laser">Laser</a>.</li>
<li>Wegen seines großen Wirkungsquerschnitts für thermische und epithermische <a href="Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> wird Samarium als Neutronen-Absorber in nuklearen Anwendungen verwendet. Da Sm‑149 auch als Spaltprodukt entsteht, ist es ein unvermeidbares <a href="Neutronengift" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutronengift">Neutronengift</a> in Kernreaktoren.</li>
<li>Samarium-Cobalt-<a href="Magnet" title="Magnet">Magnete</a>:<br><a href="Permanentmagnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanentmagnet">Permanentmagnete</a> aus SmCo<sub>5</sub> weisen einen hohen Widerstand gegen Entmagnetisierung auf sowie eine <a href="Koerzitivfeldst%C3%A4rke" title="Koerzitivfeldstärke">Koerzitivfeldstärke</a> von bis zu 2200&nbsp;kA/m. Die verbesserte Legierung Sm<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub> ist in der Herstellung aufwendiger, weist aber höhere magnetische Eigenschaften und eine verbesserte Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf.<br>Verwendung finden sie in Schrittmotoren für <a href="Quarzuhr" title="Quarzuhr">Quarzuhren</a>, Antriebsmotoren in Kleinsttonbandgeräten (Walkman, Diktiergeräten), Kopfhörern, <a href="Sensor" title="Sensor">Sensoren</a>, Kupplungen in Rührwerken und <a href="Festplattenlaufwerk" title="Festplattenlaufwerk">Festplattenlaufwerken</a>. Als gewichtssparende Magnetwerkstoffe werden sie auch in der Luft- und Raumfahrt verwendet.</li>
<li>Samariumoxid wird optischem Glas zur <a href="Absorption_(Physik)" title="Absorption (Physik)">Absorption</a> von <a href="Infrarotstrahlung" title="Infrarotstrahlung">infrarotem</a> Licht zugesetzt.</li>
<li>Samariumverbindungen werden zur Sensibilisierung von (Leucht‑)<a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor">Phosphor</a> für Bestrahlung mit infrarotem Licht genutzt.</li>
<li>Als <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysator</a>; Samariumoxid katalysiert die Hydrierung und Dehydrierung von <a href="Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> (Alkohol).</li>
<li>Verbindungen mit Samarium in der weniger günstigen Oxidationsstufe +2 (insbesondere Samarium(II)-iodid und Samarium(II)-bromid) finden Anwendung in der organischen Synthese (Reduktionsmittel und Ein-Elektronen-Transferreagenz, z.&nbsp;B. samariumvermittelte Pinakol-Kupplungen).</li>
<li>In Verbindung mit dem Radiopharmakon <a href="EDTMP" class="mw-redirect" title="EDTMP">Ethylendiamintetra(methylenphosphonsäure)</a> in der <a href="Nuklearmedizin" title="Nuklearmedizin">Nuklearmedizin</a> zur <a href="Palliativmedizin" title="Palliativmedizin">palliativen</a> Therapie von <a href="Knochenmetastase" title="Knochenmetastase">Knochen- und Skelettmetastasen</a>.</li>
<li>In der Medizin wird das Isotop Sm‑153 in Verbindung mit einem <a href="Bisphosphonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bisphosphonat">Bisphosphonat</a> (Lexidronam) zur Behandlung von Knochenschmerzen bei Krebserkrankungen eingesetzt (<a href="Radionuklidtherapie_bei_Knochenmetastasen" class="mw-redirect" title="Radionuklidtherapie bei Knochenmetastasen">Radionuklidtherapie bei Knochenmetastasen</a>).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbindungen">Verbindungen</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Samarium(III)-oxid" title="Samarium(III)-oxid">Samarium(III)-oxid</a> Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Samarium(III)-fluorid" title="Samarium(III)-fluorid">Samarium(III)-fluorid</a> SmF<sub>3</sub></li>
<li><a href="Samarium(III)-chlorid" title="Samarium(III)-chlorid">Samarium(III)-chlorid</a> SmCl<sub>3</sub></li>
<li><a href="Samarium(II)-bromid" title="Samarium(II)-bromid">Samarium(II)-bromid</a> SmBr<sub>2</sub></li>
<li><a href="Samarium(III)-bromid" title="Samarium(III)-bromid">Samarium(III)-bromid</a> SmBr<sub>3</sub></li>
<li><a href="Samarium(II)-iodid" title="Samarium(II)-iodid">Samarium(II)-iodid</a> SmI<sub>2</sub></li>
<li><a href="Samarium(III)-iodid" title="Samarium(III)-iodid">Samarium(III)-iodid</a> SmI<sub>3</sub></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Samarium(III)-sulfat" title="Samarium(III)-sulfat">Samarium(III)-sulfat</a> Sm<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="Samarium-Cobalt" title="Samarium-Cobalt">Samarium-Cobalt</a> Legierung, zum Beispiel SmCo<sub>5</sub> und Sm<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub></li>
<li>Samarium-153-EDTMP Samarium-Ethylendiamintetramethylen-<a href="Phosphonate" title="Phosphonate">Phosphonat</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samarium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Samarium</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wiktionary"></span></span></span><b><a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Samarium" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Samarium">Wiktionary: Samarium</a></b>&nbsp;– Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen</div>
<ul><li>Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-19-00275"><i>Samarium</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;Januar 2015.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Harry_H._Binder-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Harry_H._Binder_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Harry_H._Binder" title="Harry H. Binder">Harry H. Binder</a>: <i>Lexikon der chemischen Elemente.</i> S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Die Werte für die Eigenschaften (Infobox) sind, wenn nicht anders angegeben, aus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/samarium/">www.webelements.com (Samarium)</a> entnommen.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CIAAW-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm">CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NIST-ASD-samarium-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIST-ASD-samarium_4-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/ASD/ie.pl?spectra=samarium&amp;units=1&amp;e_out=0&amp;unc_out=1&amp;at_num_out=1&amp;el_name_out=1&amp;ion_charge_out=1&amp;biblio=1"><i>samarium</i></a> in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. und NIST ASD Team (2019): <cite style="font-style:italic">NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1)</cite>. Hrsg.: <a href="National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a>, Gaithersburg, MD. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18434/T4W30F">10.18434/T4W30F</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://physics.nist.gov/asd">physics.nist.gov/asd</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Samarium&amp;rft.au=Kramida%2C+A.%2C+Ralchenko%2C+...&amp;rft.btitle=NIST+Atomic+Spectra+Database+%28ver.+5.7.1%29&amp;rft.doi=10.18434%2FT4W30F&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span> Abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Webelements-samarium-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Webelements-samarium_5-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com/samarium/atoms.html"><i>samarium</i></a> bei <i>WebElements, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webelements.com">www.webelements.com</a></i>, abgerufen am 13.&nbsp;Juni 2020.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Greenwood-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="N._N._Greenwood" class="mw-redirect" title="N. N. Greenwood">N. N. Greenwood</a>, <a href="A._Earnshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="A. Earnshaw">A. Earnshaw</a>: <i>Chemie der Elemente.</i> 1. Auflage. VCH, Weinheim 1988, ISBN 3-527-26169-9, S.&nbsp;1579.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert C. Weast (Hrsg.): <i>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</i>. CRC (Chemical Rubber Publishing Company), Boca Raton 1990, ISBN 0-8493-0470-9, S. E-129 bis E-145. Werte dort sind auf g/mol bezogen und in cgs-Einheiten angegeben. Der hier angegebene Wert ist der daraus berechnete maßeinheitslose SI-Wert.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Zhang-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Zhang_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Yiming Zhang, Julian R. G. Evans, Shoufeng Yang: <i>Corrected Values for Boiling Points and Enthalpies of Vaporization of Elements in Handbooks.</i> In: <i><a href="Journal_of_Chemical_%26_Engineering_Data" title="Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data">Journal of Chemical &amp; Engineering Data</a>.</i> 56, 2011, S.&nbsp;328–337, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/je1011086" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1021/je1011086">doi:10.1021/je1011086</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadine M. Chiera, Peter Sprung, Yuri Amelin, Rugard Dressler, Dorothea Schumann, Zeynep Talip: <cite style="font-style:italic">The $$^{146}\text{Sm}$$ half-life re-measured: consolidating the chronometer for events in the early Solar System</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Scientific Reports</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>14</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 1.&nbsp;August 2024, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>17436</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6">10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39090187?dopt=Abstract">PMID 39090187</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294585/">PMC&nbsp;11294585</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Samarium&amp;rft.atitle=The+%24%24%5E%7B146%7D%5Ctext%7BSm%7D%24%24+half-life+re-measured%3A+consolidating+the+chronometer+for+events+in+the+early+Solar+System&amp;rft.au=Nadine+M.+Chiera%2C+Peter+Sprung%2C+Yuri+Amelin%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2024-08-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-024-64104-6&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&amp;rft.pages=17436&amp;rft.pmc=11294585&amp;rft.pmid=39090187&amp;rft.volume=14" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Merck-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Merck_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Merck_10-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Datenblatt <span style="font-style:italic;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merckmillipore.com/DE/de/product/msds/MDA_CHEM-814479?Origin=PDP">Samarium Pulver</a></span> bei <a href="Merck_KGaA" title="Merck KGaA">Merck</a>, abgerufen am 26.&nbsp;April 2017.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-royalSoc-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-royalSoc_11-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-royalSoc_11-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/62/Samarium#podcast">Chemistry in Its Element – Samarium</a>, <a href="Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich Rose: <i>Ueber die Zusammensetzung des Uranotantals und des Columbits vom Ilmengebirge in Sibirien.</i> In: <i>Annalen der Physik.</i> 1847, Band 147, Nummer 5, S.&nbsp;157–169 <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18471470519">10.1002/andp.18471470519</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferdinand Damaschun, Ralf Thomas Schmitt (Hrsg.): <i>Alexander von Humboldt Minerale und Gesteine im Museum für Naturkunde Berlin.</i> 1. Auflage, Wallstein Verlag, 2019, ISBN 978-3-8353-3582-0, S.&nbsp;293.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>The Lost Elements.</i> Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4, S.&nbsp;121–122.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Delafontaine: <i>Sur le décipium, métal nouveau de la samarskite.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> Band 87, 1878, S.&nbsp;632–634 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3044x.image.f694.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran: <i>Recherches sur le samarium, radical d’une terre nouvelle extraite de la samarskite.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> Band 89, 1879, S.&nbsp;212–214 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3046j.image.f214.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LostElements122-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LostElements122_17-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LostElements122_17-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>The Lost Elements.</i> Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4, S.&nbsp;122–124.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac: <i>Sur les terres de la samarskite.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> 1880, 90, S.&nbsp;899–903 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3047v.image.f895.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran: <i>Le Yα de Marignac est définitevement nomme Gadolinium.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> 1886, 102, S. 902 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3058f.image.f900.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacques-Louis Soret: <i>Sur les spectres d'absorption des métaux fraisant partie des groupes de l'yttria et de la cérite.</i> In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> Band 91, 1880, S.&nbsp;378–382 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30485.image.f380.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Delafontaine: <i>Sur le décipium et de la samarium</i>. In: <i>Comptes Rendus.</i> Band 93, 1881, S.&nbsp;63–64 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3049g.image.f63.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugène-Anatole Demarçay: <i>Sur un nouvel élément, europium.</i> In: <i>Comptes rendus.</i> Band 132, 1901, S.&nbsp;1484–1486 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30888.image.f1580.langDE">Digitalisat</a> auf <a href="Gallica" title="Gallica">Gallica</a>).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna: <i>The Lost Elements.</i> Oxford University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4, S.&nbsp;210–213.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Muthmann, L. Weiss: <i>I. Untersuchungen über die Metalle der Cergruppe.</i> In: <i>Justus Liebig s Annalen der Chemie.</i> 1904, Band 331, Nummer 1, S.&nbsp;1–46 <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19043310102">10.1002/jlac.19043310102</a></span>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Min_rohstoffe/Downloads/studie_rohstoffwirtschaftliche_einordnung_2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&amp;v=4"><i>Vorkommen und Produktion mineralischer Rohstoffe - ein Ländervergleich.</i></a> (PDF) Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 22.&nbsp;Oktober 2015</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASamarium&amp;rft.title=Vorkommen+und+Produktion+mineralischer+Rohstoffe+-+ein+L%C3%A4ndervergleich&amp;rft.description=Vorkommen+und+Produktion+mineralischer+Rohstoffe+-+ein+L%C3%A4ndervergleich&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgr.bund.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FMin_rohstoffe%2FDownloads%2Fstudie_rohstoffwirtschaftliche_einordnung_2014.pdf%3F__blob%3DpublicationFile%26v%3D4&amp;rft.publisher=Bundesanstalt+f%C3%BCr+Geowissenschaften+und+Rohstoffe">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Seltene-Erden-Streit-ueber-Chinas-Marktmacht-geht-in-neue-Runde-2178337.html"><i>Seltene Erden: Streit über Chinas Marktmacht geht in neue Runde.</i></a> In: <i>heise.de.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 22.&nbsp;Oktober 2015</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASamarium&amp;rft.title=Seltene+Erden%3A+Streit+%C3%BCber+Chinas+Marktmacht+geht+in+neue+Runde&amp;rft.description=Seltene+Erden%3A+Streit+%C3%BCber+Chinas+Marktmacht+geht+in+neue+Runde&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fnewsticker%2Fmeldung%2FSeltene-Erden-Streit-ueber-Chinas-Marktmacht-geht-in-neue-Runde-2178337.html">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith Bradsher: <cite style="font-style:italic">China’s Grip on an Obscure Rare Earth Metal Threatens the West’s Militaries</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></cite>. 9.&nbsp;Juni 2025 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/09/business/china-rare-earth-samarium-fighter-jets.html">nytimes.com</a> [abgerufen am 11.&nbsp;Juni 2025]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Samarium&amp;rft.atitle=China%E2%80%99s+Grip+on+an+Obscure+Rare+Earth+Metal+Threatens+the+West%E2%80%99s+Militaries&amp;rft.au=Keith+Bradsher&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.date=2025-06-09&amp;rft.genre=book" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Nadja Podbregar: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scinexx.de/news/physik/halbwertszeit-von-samarium-146-bestimmt/"><i>Halbwertszeit von Samarium-146 bestimmt.</i></a> 1.&nbsp;August 2024,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 3.&nbsp;August 2024</span> (deutsch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASamarium&amp;rft.title=Halbwertszeit+von+Samarium-146+bestimmt&amp;rft.description=Halbwertszeit+von+Samarium-146+bestimmt&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scinexx.de%2Fnews%2Fphysik%2Fhalbwertszeit-von-samarium-146-bestimmt%2F&amp;rft.creator=Nadja+Podbregar&amp;rft.date=2024-08-01&amp;rft.language=de-DE">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nadine M. Chiera, Peter Sprung, Yuri Amelin, Rugard Dressler, Dorothea Schumann, Zeynep Talip: <cite style="font-style:italic">The $$^{146}\text{Sm}$$ half-life re-measured: consolidating the chronometer for events in the early Solar System</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Scientific Reports</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>14</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>, 1.&nbsp;August 2024, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>17436</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6">10.1038/s41598-024-64104-6</a></span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Samarium&amp;rft.atitle=The+%24%24%5E%7B146%7D%5Ctext%7BSm%7D%24%24+half-life+re-measured%3A+consolidating+the+chronometer+for+events+in+the+early+Solar+System&amp;rft.au=Nadine+M.+Chiera%2C+Peter+Sprung%2C+Yuri+Amelin%2C+...&amp;rft.date=2024-08-01&amp;rft.doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-024-64104-6&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&amp;rft.pages=17436&amp;rft.volume=14" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_30-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psi.ch/de/news/medienmitteilungen/einmalig-praezise-neuer-wert-fuer-die-halbwertszeit-von-samarium-146"><i>Einmalig präzise: Neuer Wert für die Halbwertszeit von Samarium-146 | News &amp; Events | PSI.</i></a> 1.&nbsp;August 2024,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 18.&nbsp;August 2024</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASamarium&amp;rft.title=Einmalig+pr%C3%A4zise%3A+Neuer+Wert+f%C3%BCr+die+Halbwertszeit+von+Samarium-146+%7C+News+%26+Events+%7C+PSI&amp;rft.description=Einmalig+pr%C3%A4zise%3A+Neuer+Wert+f%C3%BCr+die+Halbwertszeit+von+Samarium-146+%7C+News+%26+Events+%7C+PSI&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psi.ch%2Fde%2Fnews%2Fmedienmitteilungen%2Feinmalig-praezise-neuer-wert-fuer-die-halbwertszeit-von-samarium-146&amp;rft.date=2024-08-01&amp;rft.language=de">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r260755238">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste{border:1px solid var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1.5em;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-bild{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-kopf{background:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste.mw-collapsed .klappleiste-bild{display:none}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+link+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> der <a href="Chemisches_Element" title="Chemisches Element">Elemente</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Wasserstoff" title="Wasserstoff">H</a>
</td>
<td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Helium" title="Helium">He</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Bor" title="Bor">B</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">O</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a>
</td>
<td colspan="24">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Silicium" title="Silicium">Si</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="Schwefel" title="Schwefel">S</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Eisen" title="Eisen">Fe</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Kupfer" title="Kupfer">Cu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Selen" title="Selen">Se</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Brom" title="Brom">Br</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a>
</td>
<td colspan="14">
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Molybd%C3%A4n" title="Molybdän">Mo</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Silber" title="Silber">Ag</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Indium" title="Indium">In</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Zinn" title="Zinn">Sn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Iod" title="Iod">I</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Lanthan" title="Lanthan">La</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Cer" title="Cer">Ce</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Gold" title="Gold">Au</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Quecksilber" title="Quecksilber">Hg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Blei" title="Blei">Pb</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Bismut" title="Bismut">Bi</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="Astat" title="Astat">At</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Uran" title="Uran">U</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Americium" title="Americium">Am</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a>
</td>
<td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="1" rules="all" style="border:1px solid #fff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="background:#ff4500" width="9.1%"><a href="Alkalimetalle" title="Alkalimetalle">Alkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#ff8c00" width="9.1%"><a href="Erdalkalimetalle" title="Erdalkalimetalle">Erdalkalimetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dda0dd" width="9.1%"><a href="Lanthanoide" title="Lanthanoide">Lanthanoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#da70d6" width="9.1%"><a href="Actinoide" title="Actinoide">Actinoide</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f08080" width="9.1%"><a href="%C3%9Cbergangsmetalle" title="Übergangsmetalle">Übergangsmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#a9a9a9" width="9.1%"><a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">Metalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#cd853f" width="9.1%"><a href="Halbmetalle" title="Halbmetalle">Halbmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#32cd32" width="9.1%"><a href="Nichtmetalle" title="Nichtmetalle">Nichtmetalle</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#f0e68c" width="9.1%"><a href="Halogene" title="Halogene">Halogene</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#87cefa" width="9.1%"><a href="Edelgase" title="Edelgase">Edelgase</a>
</td>
<td style="background:#dcdcdc" width="9%">Chemie unbekannt
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></div>
<div class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1 navigation-not-searchable normdaten-typ-s" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; clear: left; margin-bottom:1em; margin-top:1em; padding: 0.25em; overflow: hidden; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;" id="normdaten">
<div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%;">
<div>
Normdaten&nbsp;(Sachbegriff): <a href="Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4179010-8">4179010-8</a></span> | <a href="Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="-print"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85117001">sh85117001</a></span> </div>
</div></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-11-27" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Samarium&amp;oldid=261929993">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>

</body></html>